Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Attitude towards Alcohol Abuse among Adolescent Boys

Gopi D¹, S. Deepa²

¹Vice principal, College of Nursing, Kannur Medical College, Anjarakandy, Kannur, Kerala.

²Staff Nurse Iqraa International Hospital and Research Centre, Malaparamba, Calicut, Kerala

*Corresponding Author Email: harisha.pm@rediffmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Alcohol abuse and its related problems are on the increase in India. Most of the problems can be minimized, by making the public aware of the complications related to alcohol abuse. A descriptive evaluator approach was used for this study. The study was carried out at chova higher secondary school at Kannur among higher school boys . The sample comprised of 100 students. Sample was selected by using convenient sampling technique. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (paired t-test and regression coefficient). The results of this study showed that school students in general lacked knowledge and attitude (pretest knowledge score is 8.69 and attitude score is 24.98) about alcohol abuse and its adverse effects before the education programme. The findings of this study support the need for conducting educational programme to increase the knowledge and attitude (post-test knowledge score and attitude score is 16.69 and 44.45, t value is 18.937 with regard to knowledge and 29.92 with regard to attitude which is significant at 0.01 level of school students on alcohol abuse and its related problems. Educating the youth and providing them with correct information can help them to avoid bad habits and develop as healthy citizens.

KEYWORDS: Alcohol abuse, School students, Structured teaching programme, Pre-experimental study, Evaluatory approach.

INTRODUCTION:

“Pleasure which must be enjoyed at the expense of another's pain can never be enjoyed by a worthy mind. Pleasure's couch is virtues grave”.

Augustine J. Duganne

In the normal course of your teen's day, he or she may face huge, life threatening decisions every day. Adolescence is a period of the lifecycle when individuals are managing multiple, complex developmental tasks. These involve significant changes in biological/physical, social, psychological/emotional, and community-relatedness domains¹.

Adolescence is a period when individuals may begin to engage in highly risky behaviors. They may be experimenting with sexual activity, criminal and/or delinquent acts, and driving automobiles. Combining these risky behaviors with the effects of alcohol can increase the adolescent's vulnerability to permanent and irreversible consequences (disability, death)². Consumption of alcohol is associated with acute and chronic adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular diseases, liver damage, cancers, psychiatric conditions, as well as intentional and unintentional injuries³. Each year, approximately 5,000 young people under the age of 21 die as a result of underage drinking; this includes about 1,900 deaths from motor vehicle crashes, 1,600 as a result of homicides, 300 from suicide, as well as hundreds from other injuries such as falls, burns, and drowning⁴. Alcoholism is a chronic illness marked by dependence on alcohol consumption. It interferes with physical or mental health, and social, family, or job responsibilities. This addiction can lead to liver, circulatory, and neurological problems⁵. People who begin drinking early in life run the risk of developing serious alcohol problems, including alcoholism, later in life. They also are at greater risk for a variety of adverse consequences, including risky sexual activity and poor performance in school^6. WHO statistics (2000) show that people are less concerned about socialism, capitalism and economism and more worried about alcoholism, rape and terrorism. In modern society, the pattern of consumption of medical and non-medical use of alcohol, especially by preadolescents, adolescents and young adults, is both complex and changing.

This involvement may be due to many factors, such as adventurous and risk-taking behaviors, acceptable to peers, curiosity to acquaint oneself with the ecstatic experiences or due to an inner urge to avoid frustrations and boredom. Alcohol abuse by students in secondary schools, colleges and universities is a serious problem because the students form the core from which the leadership in all walks of life wills eventually emerge⁷. National household survey revealed that among current alcohol users about 21%, respectively were below 18 years of age. Out of total number of subjects from Secondary school 27.97% smoke, 28.81% consume alcohol and 10.59% use narcotics. The problem is especially prominent among the boys and girls of the last two years of Secondary school: 42.86% smoke; 41.35% consume alcohol and 13.53 use narcotics⁸. Alcohol Addiction in India (UN report): Of the 4 million registered alcohol addicts in South Asia, 1.25 lakh are in India. Alcohol abusers are now estimated to be around 40,000. The majority of alcohol addicts are aged between 16 and 30 years. Abusers are mostly unmarried and from the lower socio economic strata: 33% of them are engaged in antisocial activities⁹.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

“A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and attitude towards alcohol abuse among adolescent boys in selected higher secondary school at Kannur”.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To assess the pre-test knowledge and attitude regarding alcohol abuse among adolescent boys using a structured knowledge questionnaire and structured attitude scale.

2. To determine the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on alcohol abuse among adolescent boys.

3. To determine the association between pre- test knowledge and attitude of adolescent boys on alcohol abuse with selected demographic variables.

METHODOLOGY:

Research Approach: A pre-experimental research approach

Research Design: Pre -experimental one group pretest-posttest design

Sampling Technique: Convenient sampling

Size: 100

RESULTS:

Table 1 shows that the mean knowledge scores in the pre-test of adolescents belonging to the age group< 15 years is 8.6923 with a standard deviation of 1.7383. While in the post test it has been increased to 16.6923 with a standard deviation of 1.3496. The ‘t’ value obtained is 18.97(t=18.973, p<0.01). The mean pretest knowledge of sample belonging to the age group of <20 years is10.273 with a standard deviation of 3.7707 while in the posttest it has been increased to 15.9091 with a standard deviation of 2.6629. The t value obtained is 3.8 which is statistically significant at 0.01 level.

Table 2 shows that the mean knowledge scores in the pre-test of samples belonging to 10th std is 10.19 with a standard deviation of 2.89, while in the post test it has been increased to 17.095 with a standard deviation of 1.7. The‘t’ value obtained is 8.615 (t=8.165, p<0.01). The mean knowledge scores in students of 11^th std is 8.7333 with a standard deviation of 1.617 hence in the post test it has been increased to 16.3000 with a standard deviation of 2.493. The t value obtained is 12.45 (t=12.45, p<0.01).

Table 1: Mean Pre-test and Post-test Scores of knowledge regarding alcohol abuse among adolescent boys belonging to Different age Group n=100

Group	N	Pre-test		Post-test		‘t’ value
Group	N	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	‘t’ value
<15 years	26	8.6923	1.7383	16.6923	1.3496	18.97**
16-17 years	44	8.7045	2.2576	16.3409	2.0903	17.7**
18-19years	19	8.1053	1.1496	17.1579	1.9794	22.19**
20 years	11	10.273	3.7707	15.9091	2.6629	3.8**
Total	100	8.6923	1.7383	16.6923	1.3496	18.94**

** Significant at 0.01 level

Table 2: Mean Pre-test and Post-test Scores of knowledge regarding alcohol abuse among adolescent boys belonging to Different Classes n=100

Group	N	Pre-test		Post-test		‘t’ value
Group	N	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	‘t’ value
10 std	21	10.19	2.89	17.095	1.7	8.615**
11 std	30	8.7333	1.62	16.300	2.50	12.45**
12std	49	8.1633	1.99	16.449	1.72	26.496**
Total	100	8.6923	1.74	16.692	1.35	18.94**

** Significant at 0.01 level

Table 3: Mean Pre-test and Post-test Scores of knowledge regarding alcohol abuse among adolescent boys belonging to Different Branch of Study n=100

Group	N	Pre-test		Post-test		‘t’ value
Group	N	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	‘t’ value
Arts	23	8.7391	1.483	16.0435	2.163	13.466**
Science	27	8.3333	1.881	15.7037	1.977	12.65**
Commerce	30	8.2000	2.123	17.4000	1.714	25.55**
Others	20	10.2000	2.964	16.9500	1.605	8.164**
Total	100	8.6923	1.73826	16.6923	1.34964	18.937**

** Significant at 0.01 level

Table 4: Mean Pre-test and Post test Scores of attitude regarding alcohol abuse among adolescent boys belonging to Different age Group n=100

Group	N	Pre-test		Post-test		‘t’ value
Group	N	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	‘t’ value
<15 years	26	27.1538	4.006	44.5385	4.553	13.89**
16-17 years	44	24.7045	3.855	43.6364	4.832	18.988**
18-19years	19	23.3684	3.624	45.7368	4.382	17.320**
20 years	11	23.7273	3.552	45.2727	4.101	11.461**
Total	100	24.98	4.015	44.45	4.61	29.925**

** Significant at 0.01 level

Table 5 Mean Pre-test and Post-test Scores of attitude regarding alcohol abuse among adolescent boys belonging to Different Classes n=100

Group	N	Pre-test		Post-test		‘t’ value
Group	N	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	‘t’ value
10 std	21	24.95	3.353	45.27	3.499	21.447**
11 std	30	24.90	3.594	43.80	4.823	14.78**
12std	49	24.04	4.555	43.92	4.698	19.46**
Total	100	24.98	4.015	44.45	4.61	29.92**

** Significant at 0.01 level

Table 6 Test of Significance of Difference between Mean Pretest and Posttest Scores of attitude regarding alcohol abuse among adolescent boys belonging to Different Branch of Study n=100

Group	N	Pre-test		Post-test		‘t’ value
Group	N	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	‘t’ value
Arts	23	26.3043	4.5868	44.1304	4.2136	13.808**
Science	27	23.4815	4.163	43.5926	3.992	18.058**
Commerce	30	25.333	3.487	43.8000	5.695	12.618**
Others	20	24.9500	3.44	46.95	3.235	21.944**
Total	100	24.98	4.015	44.45	4.61	29.925**

** Significant at 0.01 level

Table 7 Association of pre-test Knowledge Regarding alcohol abuse of adolescent boys with selected Demographic Variables n=100

Sl. No	Background factors	Standardized coefficients	‘t’	Significance
1	Age	0.000	0.000	1.000*
2	Class of study	0.101	0.794	0.429*
3	Branch if study	0.373	2.791	0.007*
4	Fathers education	0.130	1.214	0.228*
5	Mothers education	-0.200	-2.029	0.045*
6	Family income	0.163	1.590	0.115*
7	Religion	0.073	0.702	0.485*
8	Type of family	-0.082	-0.818	0.416*
9	Place of residence	0.060	0.621	0.536*
10	Source of information	-0.266	-2.512	0.014*

* Significant at 0.05

Table 7 Regarding the demographic factors such as age, class of study, branch of study, fathers education, mothers education, family income, religion, type of family, place of residence, source of information ,the obtained t values t = 0.000 (p<0.01), t=0.794 (p< 0.01), t=2.761 (0.01), t= 1.214 (p< 0.01), t=-2.029 (p<0.01) and t= 1.590 (p<0.01) ,t=0.702 (p<0.01), t=-0.818 (p<0.01), t=0.621 (p<0.01), t=-2.512(p<0.01) respectively were significant among the adolescent boys.

DISCUSSION:

In the present study the mean pretest scores of knowledge of adolescent boys is 10.27 with a standard deviation of 3.77. So there is a need for structured teaching programme on alcohol abuse for adolescent boys. The mean pretest scores of attitude of adolescent boys is 23.72 with a standard deviation of 3.552. while the post test scores regarding knowledge is 15.9091 and related to the posttest scores regarding attitude is 46.95 and obtained value of t=21.92(p<0.01).The study shows that knowledge and attitude of adolescent boys regarding alcohol abuse were significantly increased after attending structured teaching program me on alcohol abuse.

CONCLUSION:

Alcohol abuse has become a subject of global significance; their improper use may lead to innumerable alcohol induced illnesses and dependence. Alcohol abuse is considered to be the most serious problem facing the country because it affects alcohol users, their families and the society as a whole. Adolescent alcohol abuse is an important public health concern and in the past two decades there have been dramatic changes and increase in the demand for interventions to address alcohol abuser problems among adolescents. Prevention is better than cure, and this is very much true of alcohol abuse. Our school campuses should be made the right place where they imbibe healthy values. The personality of youth is shaped as he passes through the portals of schools and colleges. It needs health workers and teachers to strive for preventing and controlling of alcohol use among school students. The structured teaching programme for students on alcohol abuse could help them to keep their personality and optimal health. Assessment of knowledge and attitude on alcohol abuse among the higher secondary school boys and teaching/educating them about alcohol abuse is the main concept of the study. This will help the student to gain knowledge and increase the attitude on prevention of alcohol abuse in the areas concerned.

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Received on 30.04.2016 Modified on 18.05.2016

Asian J. Nur. Edu. and Research.2017; 7(2): 173-176.

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2996.2017.00035.0

Gopi D1, S. Deepa2

Gopi D¹, S. Deepa²